1. One or more foci of retinal necrosis with discrete borders in the peripheral retina 2. Rapid progression in the absence of antiviral therapy 3. Circumferential spread 4. Evidence of occlusive vasculopathy with arterial…
Fig. 2.1 Fundus findings of serpiginous choroiditis in active phase. Note the creamy yellow lesions emanating from peripapillary choroid Classic serpiginous choroiditis can be subdivided into either juxtapapillary serpiginous or…
Fig. 5.1 Color fundus photograph shows numerous small white spots scattered in the posterior pole Fig. 5.2 Fundus photograph shows no white spots (a) but fine granularity of the fovea…
Fig. 3.1 Color fundus photography of a 37-year-old, Asian, myopic woman, right (a) and left (b) eyes, demonstrating characteristic features of punctate inner choroidopathy Watzke and colleagues reported that the…
Manifestation Incidence Oral aphthous ulcerations 76.6–100% Genital ulcerations 40–94% Skin lesions 29–94% Pathergy phenomenon 19–70% Arthritis 8–69% Gastrointestinal manifestations 3–26% Neurological manifestations 2–44% Vascular manifestations 6–37% Cardiac manifestations 1–6% Epididymitis…
Fig. 6.1 Fundus photograph shows no abnormalities of the retina at the initial visit. The patient’s best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is 0.4 Fig. 6.2 In the same eye as that…
Phase Systemic manifestations Ocular manifestations Acute septicemic phase Fever Hepatic/renal failure Multi-organ haemorrhages Systemic hypotension Psychosis Chemosis/congestion without discharge Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage Immune phase Chronic headache Recurrent arthralgia Recurrent abortion Infertility…
Birdshot chorioretinopathy diagnostic criteria Required characteristics • Bilateral disease • Three or more peripapillary birdshot lesions in one eye • No or minimal anterior segment inflammation • Low-grade vitreous haze Supportive findings • HLA-A29 positivity …
