Other psychophysical tests

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Other psychophysical tests

INTRODUCTION Glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring require assessments of both structure and function of the optic nerve and ganglion cell layer. The traditional tests of these parameters for the past half…

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Intraocular pressure

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Intraocular pressure

INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE It is possible to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) directly in a living eye using a manometric technique. For this approach a needle is inserted into…

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Methods of gonioscopy

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Methods of gonioscopy

DEFINITION Gonioscopy is biomicroscopic examination of the anterior chamber angle of the eye, where aqueous humor gains access to Schlemm’s canal. It enables the glaucomas to be classified into two…

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Gonioscopic anatomy

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Gonioscopic anatomy

GROSS ANATOMY ANATOMIC FEATURES OF NORMAL EYES The anatomic structures that regulate intraocular pressure (IOP) are contained in the anterior segment of the eye. Behind the rounded apex of the…

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Visual field theory and methods

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Visual field theory and methods

THE NORMAL VISUAL FIELD The normal visual field has been described as an island of vision in a sea of darkness. This island has a sharp central peak, corresponding to…

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Aqueous humor outflow system overview

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Aqueous humor outflow system overview

Aqueous humor circulation through the anterior segment of the eye represents one of the many cardiac circulatory loops that also include the various arteriovenous, lymphatic, and cerebrospinal fluid circulations. Each…

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Aqueous humor formation

Feb 12, 2019 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Aqueous humor formation

FUNCTION OF AQUEOUS HUMOR Aqueous humor was originally thought to be stagnant. It was not until 1921 that Seidel proved that the aqueous was, indeed, circulating. Using a needle, Seidel…

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