Level of cervical nodal metastases Oral cavity primary (elective ND) Oral cavity primary (therapeutic ND) Oropharyngeal primary (elective ND) Oropharyngeal primary (therapeutic ND) Hypopharyngeal primary (elective ND) Hypopharyngeal primary (therapeutic…
Fig. 9.1 Endoscopic view of the normal larynx, labeled with surface anatomy. base of tongue (BOT); Vallecula (V); Petiole (P); false vocal cord (FVC); true vocal cord (TVC); arytenoid (A);…
Fig. 2.1 Diagram of TORS operating room arrangement With the surgical bed in a central location, the anesthesiologist and anesthesia cart are at the foot of the patient. Similar to…
(1) Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA 20.1 Introduction A clinician performing head and neck robotic surgery currently relies on volumetric preoperative and diagnostic images (e.g., computed tomography (CT) and/or…
Fig. 8.1 Set up. View from head of bed with intubated patient in suspension with robotic arms in proper orientation, demonstrating suture securing endotracheal tube and tongue suture 8.4 Robot…
Fig. 6.1 Crowe-Davis (left) and McIvor (right) retractor systems with different-sized tongue blades With many years of experience with these standard retractors for oropharyngeal surgery, it is no surprise that…
Fig. 15.1 Oral cavity access in pediatric patient for lingual tonsillectomy and base of tongue reduction 15.3 Procedures Performed 1. TORS of the lingual tonsil and base of tongue (a)…
Fig. 5.1 Medial pterygoid muscle. The medial pterygoid (yellow arrow) is found deep to the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle group. The middle constrictors along with the styloglossus muscle serve as…
Approach Site Pathology Number of published cases References TORS Oral cavity Malignancies 8 [25–27] Oropharynx: base of tongue and tonsils Malignancies 1,337 [24–36] Benign lesions 19 [13, 37–39] OSA 726…
Monitors and lines 1. Standard ASA monitoring (pulse, ECG, ETCO2, NIBP) 2. Arterial line Safety 1. IV patency 2. Eyes secured 3. Teeth protected 4. Arms tucked 5. Pressure points…
