Fig. 36.1 Normal trachea with a 4–5:1 cartilage/membranous trachea ratio Definitions Congenital Tracheal Stenosis Complete tracheal rings are the most common cause of congenital tracheal stenosis. In this anomaly, there…

Fig. 29.1 Flowchart demonstrating abbreviated ISSVA classification system for vascular anomalies Vascular anomalies can typically be identified by their presenting clinical history and physical examination [2]. Accurate diagnosis is important…

Fig. 33.1 Child with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. (From Habel et al. [4], with permission) The condition has extreme phenotypic variability, but the classical clinical features include congenital heart disease (including…

  FEES VFSS View Superior view of the pharynx and larynx Sagittal view of the head and neck Anatomy Full color images of the hypopharynx and larynx Gray-scale images obtained…

Fig. 41.1 Vaulting V-shaped pattern within the soft palate connotes anterior insertion of the palatal musculature on the hard palate, such as that seen in submucous cleft palate. In some…

Fig. 14.1 Flexible fiber-optic pediatric endoscope Fig. 14.2 Flexible distal chip pediatric endoscope Another consideration in preparation for laryngoscopy is the use of an intranasal anesthetic and/or decongestant. Using a…

Fig. 40.1 Supraglottic collapse as noted during a microlaryngoscopy (a arytenoids, p pyriform sinus) Posterior Glottic Diastasis Posterior glottic diastasis is suspected in patients with a history of airway expansion…

Classification Percentage of glottis Characteristics Breathing Voice Treatment Type I <35% TVF easily seen in web Clear, unobstructed Slight hoarseness Often not required; dilation or excision via various techniques may…

Unsafe oral feeding may present as:  Choking, aspiration, adverse cardiorespiratory events (e.g., apnea, bradycardia) during oral feeds  Other adverse mealtime events (e.g., gagging, vomiting, fatigue, refusal) Delayed feeding skills may…

Fig. 31.1 Intraoperative view of endolaryngeal papilloma after exposure with the Lindholm laryngoscope Fig. 31.2 Intraoperative photos of patient who presented with airway distress and was found to have severe…