Fig. 1 27-week gestation fetus with a white arrow pointing toward a large solid-cystic cervical mass Prenatal Evaluation The prenatal identification of a fetus with potential airway obstruction warrants a…
Fig. 1 Tracheostomy Educational Checklist—this checklist summarizes the basic curriculum that is covered in training caregivers to be able to care for a child with a tracheostomy There are several…
Fig. 1 Task trainer model of upper airway. This photo shows the view of the manikin’s vocal cords as seen during intubation. There are many options for simulation manikins available…
Fig. 1 Endoscopic view of laryngomalacia at time of supraglottoplasty. Note curled epiglottis and anteromedial displacement of supra-arytenoid mucosa If an infant has been intubated or suctioned around the time…
Fig. 1 Emergency Airway Management Algorithm for Difficult-Critical Airways. Note the differences and similarities between neonatal emergency algorithms and pediatric algorithms. (a) Neonatal algorithm (courtesy of The Neonatal Airway Program–CHOP)….
where P g − P e = the pressure gradient between stomach and lower esophagus R = the radius of the esophagus L = the length of the LES (essentially, the distance from crura to GE junction) η = the…
Choanal stenosis and atresia Congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis Midnasal stenosis Nasal masses Dermoid cyst Encephalocele Glioma Hemangioma Nasolacrimal duct cyst Deviated nasal septum Rhinitis of the newborn Congenital Nasal…
Fig. 1 Crouzon & Apert Syndromes. (a) Front, & (b) Side view of Crouzon Syndrome. Note brachycephaly (short skull in AP dimension, with flat occiput), frontal bossing, maxillary hypoplasia with…
Vascular malformations Venous Lymphatic Capillary Arterial and arteriovenous Mixed (combined) Vascular neoplasms Infantile hemangioma (IH) Congenital hemangioma (CH) Rapidly involuting (RICH) Non-involuting (NICH) Others Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) Tufted angioma (TA)…
Drawing 1 Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy The flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopic exam should not be considered an alternate or equal exam to direct laryngobronchoscopy as the entire airway cannot be examined thoroughly with this…
