Diagnostic Studies in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
The standard for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is polysomnography (PSG). Although PSG helps identify individuals who have OSA and guides medical management, it does not identify the…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Interpretation of the Adult Polysomnogram
Polysomnography provides information on the physiological changes occurring in many different organ systems in relation to sleep stages and wakefulness. It allows qualitative and quantitative documentation of abnormalities of sleep…
Interpretation of the Polysomnogram in Children
Polysomnography (PSG) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of sleep disorders in children. This multichannel study obtains information about sleep architecture, respiratory effort, movements during sleep, respiratory events, and…
Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results from complex interactions between anatomy and physiology. A structurally small and abnormally collapsible upper airway predisposes to disease, and interacts with normal and pathologic physiologic…
Voice Surgery
There have been many advances in microsurgery for voice professionals over the last three decades. Driven by a greater understanding of the anatomy and physiology of phonation, most of the…
Voice Therapy for the Professional Voice
Behavioral evaluation and treatment of dysphonia in the professional voice user are the responsibility of the speech-language pathologist. As a clinician, treating the professional voice user requires expert listening and…
Vocal Fold Paresis and Paralysis
Diagnosis and treatment of the immobile or hypomobile vocal fold are challenging for the otolaryngologist. True paralysis and paresis result from vocal fold denervation secondary to injury to the laryngeal…
Vocal Fold Masses
Vocal fold masses are often complex in nature and can have a devastating result on the professional voice. These lesions are usually multifactorial with synergistic contributions over time from voice…
Effects of Medications on the Voice
Professional singers often present a difficult diagnostic dilemma concerning their medication use. Most drugs are never formally evaluated for effects on the voice and finding details of rare side effects…
Common Diagnoses and Treatments in Professional Voice Users
Common problems among all patients seen by the laryngologist are also common among professional voice users. These include laryngopharyngeal reflux, muscle tension dysphonia, fibrovascular vocal fold lesions (eg, nodules and…
