Evolution of Hearing and Language in Fossil Hominins
Fig. 8.1 The human evolutionary tree, indicating the temporal span of existence for different fossil hominin taxa. Each genus is represented by a different color. Species in genera other than…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
The Primate Roots of Human Language
Fig. 7.1 An example of two merge: A lexical item (“the”) is merged with a set previously formed by merge (black circle: sudden macromutation). Abbreviations: N, noun; Adj, adjective; Det,…
Evolutionary Origins of Primate Vocal Communication: Diversity, Flexibility, and Complexity of Vocalizations in Basal Primates
Fig. 5.1 Diversity of morphotypes in basal primates. Displayed are representatives of the Strepsirrhini: (A) the nocturnal Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis, Daubentoniidae); (B) the diurnal Coquerel’s sifaka (Propithecus coquereli, Indriidae); (C)…
Primate Audition: Reception, Perception, and Ecology
Fig. 3.1 Neuroanatomy of the auditory system in primates. (a) Ascending auditory pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortices. Fibers in blue originate from neurons in the ventral cochlear…
Vocal Communication in Family-Living and Pair-Bonded Primates
Fig. 6.1 Chirp variants in cotton-top tamarins: type A used in mobbing; type B used in investigation of novel objects; type C used during foraging, and type D used during…
Introduction to Primate Hearing and Communication
Fig. 1.1 Taxonomy and geographic location of the major primate groups based on Fleagle (2013). Photos from top to bottom: Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) (iStock.com/voraorn); Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) (iStock.com/javarman3); Slow…
Classification of Inner Ear Malformations
Fig. 6.1a Complete labyrinthine aplasia with hypoplastic petrous bone Fig. 6.1b Complete labyrinthine aplasia without otic capsule Fig. 6.1c Complete labyrinthine aplasia with otic capsule According to radiological findings [4],…
Vestibular Development of Children with Inner Ear Malformation and Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
No. Age Type of the cochlear anomaly Type of the vestibular anomaly Time duration (s) Number of beats Head control Independent walking 1 2 years 6 months Bilateral common cavity…
Embryology of Inner Ear and Its Malformation
Fetal week Inner ear 3rd Auditory placode; auditory pit 4th Auditory vesicle (otocyst); vestibular-cochlear division 6th Utricle and saccule present; semicircular canal begins 7th One cochlear coil present; sensory cells…
Speech and Hearing after Cochlear Implantation in Children with Inner Ear Malformation and Cochlear Nerve Deficiency
Anomalies Number of ears Number of patients Inner ear Common cavitya 10 10 IP-I 13 11 IP-II 18 14 EVA 9 7 CH-IIIb 6 3 Lateral canal hypoplasia 1 1…
