Fig. 10.1 Ipsilateral hand position: extended over the forehead, elbow flexed at 90° The axillary incision may be marked, while the patient is sitting, with the arms relaxed in a…

Fig. 17.1 Da Vinci Surgical System 2010 Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (With permission) [13] Using this system, tremor filtering, movement scaling, increased range of motion, and improved ergonomics could be achieved….

Fig. 16.1 Traditional surgical approach to oropharyngeal tumors (lip splitting and mandibulotomy). This technique is associated with disfigurement and with an increased risk of osteoradionecrosis and fracture at the mandibulotomy…

Fig. 19.1 Components of the Flex® Robotic System Fig. 19.2 Surgeon uses joystick-like controller on Flex® Console to position scope Fig. 19.3 The base can be angled via the lockable…

Complication % cases Hemorrhage 3.10 Tooth injury 1.40 Dehydration requiring admission 1.30 Aspiration pneumonia 1.10 Temporary (<2 months) hypoglossal nerve injury 0.90 An increased risk of complications may be seen…

Fig. 14.1 (a) Sublabial incisions with bilateral exposure of the face of the maxilla. (b) Identification and preservation of the infraorbital nerve (arrow). (c) Docking of the camera (C) and…

Level of cervical nodal metastases Oral cavity primary (elective ND) Oral cavity primary (therapeutic ND) Oropharyngeal primary (elective ND) Oropharyngeal primary (therapeutic ND) Hypopharyngeal primary (elective ND) Hypopharyngeal primary (therapeutic…

Fig. 9.1 Endoscopic view of the normal larynx, labeled with surface anatomy. base of tongue (BOT); Vallecula (V); Petiole (P); false vocal cord (FVC); true vocal cord (TVC); arytenoid (A);…

Fig. 2.1 Diagram of TORS operating room arrangement With the surgical bed in a central location, the anesthesiologist and anesthesia cart are at the foot of the patient. Similar to…

(1) Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA   20.1 Introduction A clinician performing head and neck robotic surgery currently relies on volumetric preoperative and diagnostic images (e.g., computed tomography (CT) and/or…