Nasal Valve Deficiency: a New Proposal to Classify Deformity and Apply Surgical Repair Based on Four Anatomical Planes Charles East INTRODUCTION Defining the flow-limiting segments in the nose (valve) was…

Rejuvenation of the Neck Gregory S. Keller INTRODUCTION Rejuvenation of the neck is an important aspect of the treatment of the aging face. The effects of aging are often prominently…

Midface Lift Edwin F. Williams INTRODUCTION Prior to the early 1990s, the majority of surgical and nonsurgical techniques exclusively addressed the brows, eyes, neck, and jawlines. The midface region was…

Extended Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (Smas) Face-Lift and Corset Platysmaplasty Keith A. LaFerriere INTRODUCTION Face-lift, or rhytidectomy, techniques have evolved in many ways over the past 50 years from being predominantly…

Smas Face-Lift Stephen W. Perkins INTRODUCTION The stigmata of facial aging include, but are not limited to, facial skin ptosis, jowling, rhytids, lipoptosis, and platysmal banding. These changes can dramatically…

Trichophytic Forehead Lifting Daniel E. Rousso INTRODUCTION If the eyes are considered the windows to the soul, then the eyebrow is the leading edge of the aesthetic frame in which…

Endoscopic Brow Lift Marc H. Hohman INTRODUCTION The periorbital area is essential for nonverbal facial expression and communication, and critical to social engagement. With advancing age, the eyebrows descend due…

Direct Brow Lift Tom D. Wang INTRODUCTION The direct brow lift is one of several effective methods to surgically reposition the brow and rejuvenate the upper face. It is one…

Asian Blepharoplasty William P. Chen INTRODUCTION The term double eyelid surgery has been used to describe a procedure that adds an upper eyelid crease to an eyelid that is without…

Tarsal Strip Canthoplasty Richard D. Lisman INTRODUCTION Lower lid tarsal suspension was originally described in 1911 by Lexer and Eden, and since then, multiple modifications have been made most notably…