Introduction The nasal cavity has a rich vascular network. Arteries that supply the nasal septum and the lateral nasal wall include vessels originating from the external carotid artery (maxillary and…

Summary The nasal cavity is the space comprised in between the external nares and the choanae. In the sagittal axis, this space is divided into two cavities by the nasal…

Indications This approach is indicated when the patient has a rounded or oval perforation with larger diameter between 5 and 30 mm. Patients with septal perforation and no past history…

Anatomy The nasal septum divides the nose into two similar halves. The majority of the anterior septum is made up by the quadrangular cartilage. The posterior aspect of the septum…

Anatomy The floor of the nose is a horizontal structure placed on a slightly lower level than the anterior nares. It is composed of the premaxilla bone and palatine bone…

Indications Large septal perforations (≥ 2 cm) Septal perforation in patients with poor quality or lack of intranasal tissues such as those with previous radiation therapy in the concerned area,…

The incidence of nasal septal perforation is estimated at 1%. 1 In fact, the otolaryngologist has to identify the cause, which in most cases is either iatrogenic or idiopathic, to…

Indications Medium (1–2 cm) and/or large (> 2 cm) size NSPs NSP without osteocartilaginous support Rescue flap for NSP 11.2 Contraindications In any patient who has undergone sphenopalatine artery or anterior…

Indication Symptomatic small- to medium-sized perforation 20.2 Surgical Anatomy and Operative Implications Nasal septal perforations (NSPs) are anatomical defects of nasal septum caused by the necrosis of the cartilage and/or bone…

Indications Symptomatizing nasoseptal perforation not responding to conservative treatment. The size of perforation should be small to moderate. The inferior turbinate should be hypertrophic or normal but not atrophic or…