Matthew R. Debiec BASICS DESCRIPTION Irregular crack-like dehiscences in Bruch’s membrane that can be associated with multiple systemic conditions. Significant sequelae include subretinal hemorrhage, choroidal rupture, and possible choroidal neovascularization…

Mark L. Nelson BASICS DESCRIPTION • Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe vision loss in elderly populations of European descent. Dry AMD causes approximately half…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Neuroretinitis is a condition characterized by optic disk swelling and hard exudates distributed in a star pattern centered around the fovea: – Bartonella henselae, a gram negative…

Mark L. Nelson BASICS DESCRIPTION • Infectious retinitis caused by members of the herpes virus family, predominantly Varicella Zoster Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus • Syndrome characterized by anterior uveitis,…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Absence of globe. Must be distinguished from severe microphthalmia in which globe remnants may only be detectable by ultrasound, neuroimaging, or tissue biopsy (e.g., exenteration or autopsy)….

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multisystem neurodegenerative and immunodeficiency disorder characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, telangiectasias, immune dysfunction of both B- and T-lymphocytes, radiosensitivity, and lymphoproliferative cancer. – Neurodegeneration/cerebellar…

BASICS DESCRIPTION A degenerative corneal disorder characterized by a gray or white band of opacity in the interpalpebral fissure, most commonly caused by the gradual precipitation of calcium in the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Acquired multifocal inflammatory disorder affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid • Frequently bilateral yellowish–white plaques, often in various stages of resolution EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Unknown but…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Decreased best-corrected visual acuity not solely attributable to organic pathology affecting one or both eyes: – Reduction in vision occurs during the first decade of life and…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Difference in refractive correction between the two eyes. More amblyogenic if difference is – >1.50 diopters (D) hyperopic spherical equivalent – +1.00 D cylinder – >–6.00 D…