BASICS DESCRIPTION Rare, congenital retinal vascular hamartoma EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Very rare, and cannot be accurately specified as many patients are asymptomatic and do not seek ophthalmic care. Prevalence Very rare…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit is a benign proliferation of vascular channels which induces progressive ectasia. – This may also occur in the central nervous system, liver,…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Round pupils that differ in size by 0.5 mm or more EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence • 15–30% (physiologic) • Other causes rare RISK FACTORS • Physiologic: None • Trauma (including…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Acute or chronic isolated inflammation of the canalicular system EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence • 6:1 female:male • 93% lower canaliculus Prevalence • Rare, varies with populations • More common in…

BASICS DESCRIPTION A condition in which corneal endothelial failure leads to chronic edema resulting in the formation of epithelial bullae or vesicles. These bullae often rupture causing episodes of severe…

Scott J. Fudemberg BASICS DESCRIPTION • Presumed infection in or around filtering bleb. • Filtering bleb is a subconjunctival pocket of fluid created intentionally in glaucoma surgery to drain aqueous…

Sunir J. Garg, MD, FACS BASICS DESCRIPTION • Chronic, bilateral, posterior uveitis • The characteristic lesions are yellow-white spots at the level of choroid that “radiate” from the disk. •…

BASICS DESCRIPTION The World Health Organization’s classification defines blindness as corrected visual acuity of <20/200 in the better eye or visual field ≤10 degrees around the central fixation. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence…

Sunir J. Garg BASICS DESCRIPTION • Chronic, bilateral, posterior uveitis • The characteristic lesions are yellow-white spots at the level of the choroid that “radiate” from the optic nerve. •…

Marc Spirn BASICS DESCRIPTION • Best’s disease (vitelliform macular dystrophy) is a rare, autosomal dominant, bilateral, central retinal dystrophy. • It is caused by mutations in the BEST1 (formerly VMD2)…