Sinus Thrombosis
Ann P. MurchisonJurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a potentially life-threatening condition. • The etiology of CST can either be septic, aseptic, or vascular. •…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
and Hemifacial Spasm
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Involuntary closure of both eyelids (blepharospasm) or muscles innervated by facial nerve unilaterally (hemifacial spasm): – Blepharospasm: – Essential (without associated disease) – Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia or Meige…
Effusion/Detachment
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Choroidal effusion is the accumulation of fluid (serous) or blood (hemorrhagic) into the suprachoroidal potential space due to increased intramural pressure. • Often occur after trauma, perioperatively,…
Cavernous Fistula
Ann P. MurchisonJurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION A carotid/cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between an artery and the venous plexus within the cavernous sinus (CS). This can…
serous chorioretinopathy
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Central serous chorioretinopathy, also called central serous retinopathy or idiopathic central serous retinopathy, is an ocular condition characterized by: – Serous retinal detachment, typically seen in the…
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Robert J. Goulet IIIKathryn B. FreidlL. Jay Katz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Angle closure is defined by apposition of the iris against the trabecular meshwork. In acute primary angle closure, the…
Sinus Syndrome/Orbital Apex Syndrome
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Orbital apex syndrome: A constellation of findings including combined motor and sensory deficit of the eye and orbit secondary to multiple etiologies: Pathology involving the oculomotor nerve…
Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO)
Gaurav K. Shah BASICS DESCRIPTION • An obstruction of blood flow through a branch retinal vein at an arterio-venous crossing site (1)[C]. It commonly presents with a variable level of…
and Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
BASICS DESCRIPTION • The central retinal artery exits the optic nerve to provide blood supply to the inner retinal layers. • Occlusion of either the central retinal artery or one…
