BASICS DESCRIPTION • Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a frequent manifestation of mitochondrial cytopathies, a group of disorders characterized by dysfunction of the mitochondria due to mutations in mitochondrial…

Jonathan H. Salvin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Congenital coloboma (plural: “colobomata”) is a defect manifesting as a cleft or gap due to the incomplete closure of the fetal (choroidal) fissure: –…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Cadaveric corneal transplantation • Penetrating keratoplasty • Lamellar keratoplasty • Anterior • Posterior • Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty • Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Complications are…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Small, saucer-like excavation at the corneal margin • Most often form an ellipse; 2 × 1.5 mm parallel to the limbus • Associated with adjacent elevation of…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Ocular motility disorder characterized by an inability to actively or passively elevate the eye in adduction EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Occurs in 1 of 450 strabismus cases Prevalence Unknown RISK…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Complications from contact lens use can occur in any patient who wears contact lenses. Problems associated with contact lens use include infection (most commonly bacterial but rarely fungal…

Jerry A. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Most common intraocular tumor • Can occur within the eye in the uveal tissue including the iris, ciliary body, or choroid • Appears as…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Crouzon syndrome, a craniosynostosis disorder, is characterized by premature closure of calvarial and cranial base sutures, as well as those of the orbit and maxillary complex. •…

Jerry A. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Most common primary intraocular malignancy • Melanoma occurs in the uvea with iris involvement in 4%, ciliary body involvement in 6%, and choroidal involvement…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Localized area of superficial retinal whitening • Generally smaller than 1/2 disc area • Primary importance is as a marker of underlying disease, usually systemic. EPIDEMIOLOGY Unknown….