Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Congenital hyperpigmented lesions of the fundus are differentiated based on appearance, pattern, and distribution in the ocular fundus and are present at birth. •…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Most common hereditary form of optic atrophy causing vision loss within the first decade of life. Vision loss tends to be insidious with slow progression described. –…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) or cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) encompasses a number of systemic autoimmune diseases that involve cicatrization or scarring of mucous membranes and the skin. Traditionally,…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, hyperextensible skin, and fragile connective tissue. • New classification system describes 6 types: –…

Matthew Tennant BASICS DESCRIPTION • Chronic iridocyclitis typically has an insidious onset and lasts longer than 6 weeks • Diagnosis may be delayed as it is often asymptomatic • Bilateral…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome and is named after John Langdon Down who…

Carol L. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Most common conjunctival tumor • Represents 28% of all conjunctival tumors and over 50% of all melanocytic conjunctival tumors • Can be melanotic (∼80%)…

Jerry A. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Lymphoid tumors comprise a spectrum of neoplasia from benign hyperplasia to malignant lymphoma, based on microscopic features and immunopheno-typic findings. Lymphoma, in general, is…

Christopher J. Rapuano BASICS DESCRIPTION • A tear or cut in the conjunctiva and/or cornea • Corneal lacerations can be full or with partial thickness EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence • Exact incidence…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Lesions characterized by reduced or absent pigment in or absence of the retinal pigmented epithelium or choroid present at birth. • Includes, but is…