BASICS DESCRIPTION Blood in the anterior chamber (segment). GENERAL PREVENTION Safety eyewear protection PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Bleeding from the structures of the anterior segment of the eye; for example, an iris tear,…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Herpes simplex virus type 1 causes ocular infection following introduction of the virus in childhood as a subclinical or mild systemic infection. The HSV becomes latent in…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Acute conjunctivitis defines an inflammation of the conjunctiva, or the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball extending over the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Visual hallucinations are visual sensory perceptions without external stimulation associated with ophthalmologic, neurologic, metabolic, toxic, and psychiatric diseases. • Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is vivid, detailed, but…

Jerry A. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Primary acquired melanosis (PAM) is an acquired flat pigmentation of the conjunctiva. • Slowly progressive • Generally without excessive vascularity • Can affect the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Gyrate atrophy is an autosomal recessive chorioretinal dystrophy that initially presents with nyctalopia and decreased peripheral vision during the first decade of life with progressive constriction of the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Greenstick fracture of the orbital floor or medial orbital wall resulting in ischemic entrapment of an extraocular muscle. • Typically seen in the pediatric population, although young…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Nonspecific term describing intraocular granulomatous inflammation. • Symptoms may include painful red eye, photophobia and decreased vision. • Classically presents with large keratic precipitates (KPs) on the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs) occur as a result of a high-velocity penetrating injury or direct impalement of an object. EPIDEMIOLOGY The majority are male, typically of young age…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Clinical condition characterized by an abnormal funduscopic appearance of the macula and decrease or absence of the foveal reflex and varying degrees of macular hypoplasia • Macular…