BASICS DESCRIPTION • A syndrome of acute inflammatory demyelination of peripheral (including cranial) nerves. • Spectrum includes typical Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS, also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; AIDP), Fisher…

Julie Rosenthal BASICS DESCRIPTION • A progressive degeneration that results in the triad of central vision loss, photophobia, and dyschromatopsia (color vision problems) due to the selective degeneration of cones….

BASICS DESCRIPTION The 3rd cranial nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and inferior rectus. The pupillary fibers follow the inferior oblique muscle. Pupil involvement…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Multisystem acute vasculitis usually involving the small to mid-size arteries during infancy and early childhood. • Fever for at least 5 days duration plus 4 of the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Lattice degeneration is a common vitreoretinal degeneration associated with retinal thinning, and subsequent retinal tears or detachments. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence • Found in 6–10% of the population • More…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Two major categories of lattice corneal dystrophy are described by the International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) (1). • A dystrophy is a process that…

Jacqueline R. Carrasco BASICS DESCRIPTION • Traumatic defect in the bony floor of the orbit • Can extend from fractures of the inferior orbital rim • Indirect (blowout) fractures of…

Jacqueline R. Carrasco BASICS DESCRIPTION • Traumatic defect in the bony medial wall of the orbit • Can extend from fractures of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, and ethmoid bones •…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Glaucoma caused by neovascularization of the angle and pupillary margin with contraction of myofibroblasts. This leads to peripheral anterior synechiae and eventual angle closure glaucoma. • In…

BASICS DESCRIPTION 4th nerve palsy is caused by weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle, and may result in diplopia. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence 4th nerve palsy occurs frequently after closed…