Barry N. Wasserman BASICS DESCRIPTION • Manifest convergent misalignment of the visual axes that varies quantitatively with different fields of gaze. • Congenital or acquired EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Varies depending on…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Unilateral or bilateral facial weakness with impairment of ocular abduction – Other cranial nerves may be involved – Limb anomalies may be present EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence 0.0002–0.002% of…

Mark L. Nelson BASICS DESCRIPTION • HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis are by far the most common ocular manifestations of HIV. • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most important AIDS-associated…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Small eye, unilateral or bilateral, including axial length and corneal diameter • With or without intraocular anomalies or systemic disease EPIDEMIOLOGY 1–2 per 10,000 newborns (1)[C] RISK…

Mark H. Blecher BASICS DESCRIPTION • An iris abnormality that may manifest preoperatively with poor pupil dilation and may manifest intraoperatively with some or all of the following findings: –…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Multifocal choroiditis (MFC) and panuveitis consist of vitreitis, anterior uveitis, and active choroidal lesions. (1) Punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) is similar, but the lesions are confined to the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder of the fibrillin gene that affects the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and ophthalmic systems. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence • 4–6 in 10,000 individuals • Affects both genders…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Acute conjunctivitis defines an inflammation of the conjunctiva, or the mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eyeball extending over…

Marc Spirn BASICS DESCRIPTION • Idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasia (IJRT) is characterized by the presence of small perifoveal or parafoveal telangiectatic retinal vessels in the absence of an identifiable systemic…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Myelinated (Medullated) Nerve Fibers • White striated patches at the upper and lower poles of the optic disc of varying severity • Frayed and feathered edges follow path…