BASICS DESCRIPTION Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by the growth of fibrovascular tissue due to chronic, poorly controlled diabetes. PDR includes preretinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, and…
BASICS DESCRIPTION Myopic degeneration is a complication of severe or progressive myopia causing mild to severe central vision loss and is one of the leading causes of visual debilitation in…
BASICS DESCRIPTION Disorders affecting the occipital lobe of the brain, which is almost entirely devoted to visual function EPIDEMIOLOGY Varies, depending on the many different causes of occipital involvement RISK…
BASICS DESCRIPTION Neuroretinitis is a unilateral, or more rarely, bilateral inflammation of the optic nerve and retina with macular exudate formation and associated visual loss. Originally termed “Leber’s idiopathic stellate…
Eliza HoskinsDoug S. Holsclaw BASICS DESCRIPTION • Interstitial keratitis (IK) or immune stromal keratitis (ISK) is nonsuppurative (nonmelting) inflammation and cellular infiltration of the corneal stroma • Often accompanied by…
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the choroid that causes mild to moderate acute vision loss (1). • It is usually…
BASICS DESCRIPTION Sudden, painless, unilateral visual loss, associated with swelling of the optic disc secondary to vascular insufficiency. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence 2–10 individuals per 100,000 over 50 years old Prevalence 1,500–6,000…
Barry N. Wasserman BASICS DESCRIPTION • Manifest convergent misalignment of the visual axes that varies quantitatively with different fields of gaze. • Congenital or acquired EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Varies depending on…
Mark L. Nelson BASICS DESCRIPTION • HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis are by far the most common ocular manifestations of HIV. • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most important AIDS-associated…
