Nanophthalmos
L. Jay Katz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Nanophthalmos (simple microphthalmos) is a rare developmental disorder characterized by a small eye with short axial length (14.5–20 mm), shallow anterior chamber, high hypermetropia…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
and Ophthalmic Disease
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Various ophthalmic conditions are associated with or exacerbated by pregnancy. – Refractive changes: transient loss of accommodation; increased corneal thickness, edema, and curvature; decreased corneal sensitivity –…
Vitreous Detachment
BASICS DESCRIPTION • A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is the physical separation of the cortical vitreous from the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina. • With improved imaging modalities…
Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome (Orbital Pseudotumor)
Jurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION • Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (IOIS) is a nonspecific inflammation of orbital tissue with no identifiable local or systemic cause. • IOIS is a diagnosis…
Gland Tumors
Jacqueline R. Carrasco BASICS DESCRIPTION • Lacrimal gland tumors include a wide variety of masses that may be epithelial or nonepithelial, benign or malignant, and primary or metastatic. • Historically,…
Keratoconus
BASICS DESCRIPTION A disorder of corneal instability, thinning, steepening, and protrusion that develops in the absence of neovascular inflammation. The name derives from the conical shape of the cornea in…
Elevator Palsy
BASICS DESCRIPTION • An inability to elevate the eye in all fields of gaze often resulting in a large hypotropia, with associated ptosis • Also called monocular elevation deficiency EPIDEMIOLOGY…
Eyelid, iris, optic nerve, retina
Assumpta Madu BASICS DESCRIPTION • A developmental abnormality caused by failure of complete closure of the embryonic fissure during the fifth week of gestation • A hole in one of…
in Glaucoma
L. Jay Katz BASICS DESCRIPTION Neuroprotection is the use of therapeutic agents to prevent, retard, and in some instances, reverse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death in glaucomatous patients. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IOP…
