BASICS DESCRIPTION Papilledema is bilateral optic nerve swelling from elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Related to incidence of underlying cause of raised ICP. In young infants with open sutures,…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital optic nerve disorder in which the optic nerve is smaller than normal, typically with decreased function. – May be unilateral…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is usually a nonheritable set of vascular malformations in systemically normal infants. • Usually unilateral • Range of anterior segment and posterior segment…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (Plaquenil), drugs used to treat malaria and various dermatologic and inflammatory conditions – such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, can cause a maculopathy….

Jonathan H. Salvin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Goldenhar syndrome is part of the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS). • Characterized by epibulbar choristomas, preauricular appendages, vertebral anomalies, and hemifacial microsomia (1)[C]. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Sudden onset of open-angle glaucoma secondary to leakage of soluble lens proteins from an intact mature cataractous lens. EPIDEMIOLOGY • More common in underdeveloped countries where patients with…

Anthony Aldave BASICS DESCRIPTION • Meesmann’s corneal dystrophy (MCD) is an epithelial dystrophy • Occurs early in life • Also called Juvenile epithelial dystrophy – Autosomal dominant inheritance – Characterized…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Lyme disease is a worldwide inflammatory, immune-mediated, multisystem disease that begins with a pathognomonic skin rash. Later, neurologic, cardiac, rheumatologic, dermatologic, and ophthalmologic manifestations may occur. •…

Christian Wertenbaker BASICS DESCRIPTION • Myotonic dystrophy is an inherited disorder of the muscles and other body systems. • Type 1: DM1 (Steinert’s disease) – Represents 98% of all cases…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Swelling of a cataractous lens causing a pupillary block mechanism of angle closure. EPIDEMIOLOGY • Elderly patient with advanced cataract • More common in underdeveloped countries where patients…