BASICS DESCRIPTION Developmental defect is caused by defective closure of the embryonal fissure. Its effect on vision varies depending on the size and location of the defect (1). Pediatric Considerations…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Refractive error exists when parallel light rays from a distant object do not come to focus on the retina of an unaccommodating eye. In refractive error the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Different response of one pupil compared with the contralateral pupil when stimulated by a bright light. It is a sign that can be seen in a large…

Ann P. Murchison BASICS DESCRIPTION • Ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disease (OALD) represents an amalgam of monoclonal and polyclonal lymphocytic proliferations that involve the ocular adnexa (the eyelids, orbit, conjunctiva, and…

Carol L. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Melanocytic tumors of the iris stroma include a wide spectrum of lesions, ranging from benign iris nevus to malignant iris melanoma. • They can…

BASICS DESCRIPTION The appearance of redness on the surface of the eye resulting from enlargement and dilation or leakage of the blood vessels of the conjunctiva or episclera EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Drooping of the upper eyelid – May be congenital or acquired – May cause blurred vision or loss of visual field EPIDEMIOLOGY Unknown RISK FACTORS See associated…

Ramin Schadlu BASICS DESCRIPTION • Iris atrophy can be caused by a myriad of ocular disorders. – The etiology can be determined by careful history taking and physical examination. Pediatric…

Carol L. Shields ALERT Any pigmented iris lesion should be carefully checked for tumor seeding, secondary glaucoma, and intrinsic vessels, features that are found with iris melanoma. Pediatric Considerations A…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Acute onset of visual loss which may be unilateral or bilateral in an individual with a history of having undergone radiation therapy usually for tumors involving or in…