BASICS DESCRIPTION A pterygium is a benign, limbal, epithelial, wing-shaped, degenerative growth, mostly nasally, that migrates onto the cornea from the conjunctiva and may cause visual distortion or loss of…

Monica R. Khitri BASICS DESCRIPTION • Rare neurodevelopmental disorder of males causing congenital or early infancy blindness from retinal dysplasia, classically characterized by retrolental masses (pseudogliomas) (1) • Associated with…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • A blinding infectious condition currently found in mostly undeveloped countries • Consists of an active inflammatory stage in childhood followed by scarring sequelae in adulthood EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. • Organs most commonly affected are the lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, skin, and central nervous system. • Ocular…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP >21 mm Hg) with normal anterior chamber angle and anatomy and no evidence of optic nerve or visual field damage EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Unknown Prevalence…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic inflammatory disease. • It most commonly affects eyes, lungs, and skin. • Up to 80% of patients have ophthalmic involvement. • Sarcoidosis…

Jeremy D. Wolfe BASICS DESCRIPTION • Chronic, multiorgan, systemic bacterial infection caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum. • Responsible for 1–2% of all uveitis cases. • Ocular syphilis is considered a…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Developmental defect is caused by defective closure of the embryonal fissure. Its effect on vision varies depending on the size and location of the defect (1). Pediatric Considerations…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Refractive error exists when parallel light rays from a distant object do not come to focus on the retina of an unaccommodating eye. In refractive error the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Different response of one pupil compared with the contralateral pupil when stimulated by a bright light. It is a sign that can be seen in a large…