Dalia G. Said BASICS DESCRIPTION Recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) is characterized by episodes of spontaneous breakdown of the corneal epithelium associated with symptoms ranging from ocular discomfort to severe…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • The most common form of juvenile macular degeneration • Causes vision loss in the first or second decade of life • “Fundus flavimaculatus” is the descriptive term…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a rare multisystem syndrome with a classic triad of findings including: Infantile seizures, adenoma sebaceum of facial skin, and mental retardation. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence 10–16…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Salzmann’s nodules are creamy white, occasionally with a yellow or blue-tinged, smooth, elevated lesion(s) on the surface of the cornea. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence • Uncommon but exact incidence is…

BASICS DESCRIPTION A rare condition characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the sclera. Classification: • Anterior (93–98%) – Diffuse (40–64%) – Widespread inflammation of anterior segment – Nodular (22–45%) –…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a sterile postoperative inflammatory reaction which typically occurs 12–48 h following cataract or anterior segment surgery. It is caused by a noninfectious…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Noninfectious/immune mediated: Peripheral cornea is 2 mm from the limbus and is susceptible to vasculitis because of its dependency and proximity to the limbal vascular arcade. Compromised…

Julie Rosenthal BASICS DESCRIPTION • A rare condition associated with infestation of eyelashes and eyebrows by Phthirus pubis (crab louse) • Manifests as irritation and pruritus of eyelid margins •…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a chronic orbital inflammatory disease, commonly associated with hyperthyroidism (90%) but occasionally with hypo- or euthyroid status. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Female: Male ratio of…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Papilledema is defined as optic disc swelling secondary to elevated intracranial pressure. It is typically bilateral but can be asymmetric. ALERT Papilledema may be caused by a life-threatening…