BASICS DESCRIPTION • Also known as Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome, congenital retinocephalic vascular malformation syndrome, or racemose hemangiomatosis • Congenital, neurocutaneous condition usually characterized by unilateral CNS, ocular, and skin arteriovenous malformations…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Peters anomaly is characterized by a congenital corneal opacity associated with a posterior defect in Descemet’s membrane and endothelium. Although usually central, the opacity…

George L. Spaeth BASICS DESCRIPTION Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is used to describe glaucomatous damage with statistically normal intraocular pressure (IOP). EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence • There is wide discrepancy in the…

Erin D. Stahl BASICS DESCRIPTION Constellation of findings including particular vitreous abnormalities, high myopia, and retinal detachment EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence 1 in 7,500–9,000 newborns RISK FACTORS Genetics • Type 1: STL1…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Involuntary oscillation of the eyes that may be either motor or sensory in etiology. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Idiopathic motor infantile/congenital nystagmus: 1 in 2,850 (1). Prevalence Approximately 0.5%, including…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Child born with drooping eyelid toward or into the visual axis • May be unilateral or bilateral EPIDEMIOLOGY Unreported. RISK FACTORS • Family history…

Kelly D. SchweitzerStephanie Baxter BASICS DESCRIPTION • The cornea absorbs the majority of ultraviolet (UV) (10–8 m) and X-ray (10–10 m) energy in the radiation spectrum. • Acute or chronic…

Terry Kim BASICS DESCRIPTION • An autosomal dominant dystrophy of Bowman’s layer (CDB) of the cornea; Reis-Bucklers (RBCD) or CDB-1 is linked to the BIGH3 gene on chromosome 5q31 (1)[B]….

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION Posterior embryotoxon (PE) is a thickened and anteriorly displaced Schwalbe’s line. The PE may be discontinuous. Schwalbe’s line is the circumferential collagenous band at the…

Alan R. Forman BASICS DESCRIPTION • An infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum. By definition, the infection does not involve intraorbital tissue. • Synonym:…