Erin D. Stahl BASICS DESCRIPTION Constellation of findings including particular vitreous abnormalities, high myopia, and retinal detachment EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence 1 in 7,500–9,000 newborns RISK FACTORS Genetics • Type 1: STL1…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Involuntary oscillation of the eyes that may be either motor or sensory in etiology. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Idiopathic motor infantile/congenital nystagmus: 1 in 2,850 (1). Prevalence Approximately 0.5%, including…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Child born with drooping eyelid toward or into the visual axis • May be unilateral or bilateral EPIDEMIOLOGY Unreported. RISK FACTORS • Family history…

Terry Kim BASICS DESCRIPTION • An autosomal dominant dystrophy of Bowman’s layer (CDB) of the cornea; Reis-Bucklers (RBCD) or CDB-1 is linked to the BIGH3 gene on chromosome 5q31 (1)[B]….

Kelly D. SchweitzerStephanie Baxter BASICS DESCRIPTION • The cornea absorbs the majority of ultraviolet (UV) (10–8 m) and X-ray (10–10 m) energy in the radiation spectrum. • Acute or chronic…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION Posterior embryotoxon (PE) is a thickened and anteriorly displaced Schwalbe’s line. The PE may be discontinuous. Schwalbe’s line is the circumferential collagenous band at the…

Alan R. Forman BASICS DESCRIPTION • An infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum. By definition, the infection does not involve intraorbital tissue. • Synonym:…

Chirag P. Shah BASICS DESCRIPTION • Rubella is a worldwide contagious viral infection best known for its distinctive red rash. • It is also known as German measles because it…

Carl D. Regillo BASICS DESCRIPTION • Acquired retinal macroaneurysms are focal saccular or fusiform dilations of retinal arterioles within the first three orders of branching of the arteriolar system: –…

L. Jay Katz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Optic nerve cupping can be physiological. • Pathological optic nerve cupping is a manifestation of regional ganglion cell death and loss of ganglion cell…