BASICS DESCRIPTION • A rare connective tissue disorder associated with short stature, brachydactyly (short digits), joint stiffness, and eye anomalies. – Intraocular abnormalities include microspherophakia, ectopia lentis, glaucoma, and lenticular…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Wegener’s granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitic syndrome of small-sized blood vessels that affects multiple organs. • Most commonly affected organs include kidney, lung, upper respiratory tract, eyes,…

BASICS DESCRIPTION X-linked retinoschisis is a genetic disorder of the retina that primarily affects males in the 1st decade leading to decreased vision, foveal schisis, and peripheral retinoschisis in both…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Also known as Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome, congenital retinocephalic vascular malformation syndrome, or racemose hemangiomatosis • Congenital, neurocutaneous condition usually characterized by unilateral CNS, ocular, and skin arteriovenous malformations…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Peters anomaly is characterized by a congenital corneal opacity associated with a posterior defect in Descemet’s membrane and endothelium. Although usually central, the opacity…

George L. Spaeth BASICS DESCRIPTION Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is used to describe glaucomatous damage with statistically normal intraocular pressure (IOP). EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence • There is wide discrepancy in the…

Erin D. Stahl BASICS DESCRIPTION Constellation of findings including particular vitreous abnormalities, high myopia, and retinal detachment EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence 1 in 7,500–9,000 newborns RISK FACTORS Genetics • Type 1: STL1…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Involuntary oscillation of the eyes that may be either motor or sensory in etiology. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Idiopathic motor infantile/congenital nystagmus: 1 in 2,850 (1). Prevalence Approximately 0.5%, including…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Child born with drooping eyelid toward or into the visual axis • May be unilateral or bilateral EPIDEMIOLOGY Unreported. RISK FACTORS • Family history…

Kelly D. SchweitzerStephanie Baxter BASICS DESCRIPTION • The cornea absorbs the majority of ultraviolet (UV) (10–8 m) and X-ray (10–10 m) energy in the radiation spectrum. • Acute or chronic…