and Yi Ning J. Strube2 (1) Wright Foundation for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA (2) Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada KeywordsAcquired esotropiaAccommodative esotropiaHigh AC/A ratioPartially accommodative…
and Yi Ning J. Strube2 (1) Wright Foundation for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA (2) Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada KeywordsAmblyopiaVertical prism induced tropia testStrabismus fixusRefractive…
6 Retinal Anomalies BEST’S DISEASE Barry N. Wasserman Etiology An autosomal dominant disorder also called vitelliform macular dystrophy, Best’s disease leads to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration and secondary loss…
2 Congenital Corneal Opacity Bruce Schnall and Michael J. Bartiss The differential diagnosis for congenital corneal opacity can be remembered using the pneumonic STUMPED: Sclerocornea Tears in Descemet’s membrane or…
4 Iris Anomalies Michael J. Bartiss and Bruce M. Schall CENTRAL PUPILLARY CYSTS (PUPILLARY MARGIN EPITHELIAL CYSTS) Etiology Usually congenital in origin Can be acquired from cholinesterase inhibiting eye drops,…
9 Strabismus Disorders Scott E. Olitsky and Leonard B. Nelson PSEUDOESOTROPIA Epidemiology and Etiology Pseudoesotropia is one of the most common reasons an ophthalmologist is asked to evaluate an infant….
7 Eyelid Anomalies Kammi B. Gunton ANKYLOBLEPHARON Etiology Ectodermal dysplasia, otherwise unknown In ankyloblepharon–ectodermal dysplasia– clefting (AEC) patients, a defect in the TP63 gene, an epidermis intercellular junction regulator protein,…
5 Lens Anomalies CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL CATARACTS Jonathan H. Salvin and Hillary Gordon Cataracts are an opacification of the lens of the eye, typically associated with age. Congenital cataracts may…
1 Abnormalities Affecting the Eye as a Whole Judith B. Lavrich ANOPHTHALMIA Anophthalmia, also known as anophthalmos, is a congenital anomaly that is characterized by the complete absence of ocular…
