Many ophthalmic assistants play an expanded role in contact lens delivery and thus require detailed know-ledge of contact lenses. Although the changing and ordering of lenses may be beyond the…

Preliminary examination saves the doctor time in assessment of the patient. A preliminary examination of the eyes trains and alerts the ophthalmic assistant to the numerous variations and abnormalities that…

There are approximately 90 million contact wearers worldwide. In the United States alone, data indicate that approximately 13% of the population (>36 million) use contact lenses for vision correction and…

The clinical side of contact lens provision historically has been in selecting the correct lens and lens material design for an individual patient. The fitter must be knowledgeable about ocular…

Virtually every patient who enters an ophthalmologist’s or other eye care practitioner’s office receives a refraction and most receive a prescription for spectacles. Even if patients plan to use contact…

Today, more than ever, the ophthalmologist’s clinical acumen is enhanced by the many instruments available that facilitate the determination of refractive errors of the eye, the detection of muscular imbalance,…

Almost all patients who enter an ophthalmologist’s office require a determination of the refractive status of their eyes, for either diagnosis or treatment. Only by correcting the patient’s refractive error…

The maintenance of ophthalmic equipment and instruments often becomes the responsibility of one person in the office. Someone may be more technically adept to take on this responsibility. Simplified instructions…

Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with microscopic, unicellular, and cell-cluster organisms. The major microbial categories that may be associated with eye infections are bacteria, viruses, fungi ,…

A history is the story of a patient’s medical disorder. By means of the history, the physician attempts to reconstruct the stages of disease as it has progressed to make…