Orbital Developmental Disorders
Figure 7.2 Congenital microphthalmia with a cyst. Figure 7.1 Left anophthalmia with asymmetry and phimosis of eyelids. In some cases, microphthalmia can present with a cyst, which ultimately may require a surgical…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
The Anophthalmic Socket and Complications
Figure 36.1 Extirpation method of Bartisch. (Reproduced from Bartisch G. Augendienst. 1583.) Figure 36.2 Examples of orbital implants from the past. A, This hollow plastic sphere is similar in appearance to the original…
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Figure 15.1 Common lymphatic nodal and extranodal sites. Ocular adnexal lymphoproliferative disorders (OALDs) comprise 10% of all extranodal disease and may involve any part of the orbital soft tissue, as well…
Clinical Evaluation and Disease Patterns
Figure 3.1 Right miotic pupil and ptosis in a 16 year old female with Horner syndrome dating from birth-related trauma. The slightly paler iris color confirms that onset was before 2…
Upper Eyelid Ptosis and Retraction
Figure 28.1 Upper eyelid anatomy. Cross-section of upper eyelid demonstrating relationship between levator palpebrae superioris, levator aponeurosis, and Müller muscle. The tarsus of the upper eyelid is 10 to 12 mm…
Optic Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Figure 18.1 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. A meningothelial meningioma (right) with extension in subdural and subarachnoid spaces of the optic nerve (left). Epidemiology Meningiomas typically arise in adults in their…
Lacrimal Gland Tumors
Figure 17.1 Ultrastructural anatomy of a lacrimal lobule. The lacrimal gland receives its blood supply from the lacrimal artery, which arises from the ophthalmic artery lateral to the optic nerve and…
Blepharospasm and Other Facial Spastic Disorders
Figure 32.1 “Yawning man” or “De Gaper.” Pieter Brueghel the Elder, around 1560. (Courtesy of Musées Royaux des Beaux–Arts de Belgique, Bruxelles.) The first report of blepharospasm in the medical literature was…
Orbital Structural Disorders
Figure 27.1 A, Coronal CT scan showing a mucocele of the left ethmoid and maxillary sinus. B, Coronal CT scan of the same patient at a more anterior level. Note the…
