Fig. 13.1 Artemis® very high-frequency digital ultrasound (ArcScan Inc.) stromal thickness maps before (left) and 3 months after (middle) LASIK for −9.00 D myopia using the MEL80 excimer laser (Carl…

Fig. 2.1 (a) Illustration of photodisruption process in corneal stroma. (b) Scanning electron microscopic micrograph showing the cavitation bubbles generated during the photodisruption process 2.2 Wound Healing After Refractive Lenticule…

As a physiological principle, single gas bubbles join to form fewer, but bigger gas bubbles if they are close enough. These big bubbles are deforming the surrounding tissue. Consequently the…

Fig. 18.1 (a) Preoperative Pentacam image of an eye with the manifest refraction of −12.0 −1.0 @ 165°. (b) Same eye 1 week postoperatively. The manifest refraction (MR) is +0.25…

Fig. 19.1 Stability of refractive outcome over the 9-month follow-up period in the initial hyperopic study (Reprinted from Blum et al. [1]) 19.1.2 The Second (Ongoing) Hyperopic FLEx Study An…

Fig. 4.1 The treatment pack During this period of time in 2005, a series of studies by Blum and Sekundo (unpublished data) on animals, blind and amblyopic eyes, underwent a…

Fig. 6.1 Fast OBL (opaque bubble layer) Fig. 6.2 Slow OBL Fig. 6.3 Normal bubble pattern 6.3 Patient Positioning The VisuMax® laser has a curved interface which applanates the patient’s…

Fig. 1.1 Contour deviation and roughness are useful parameters for characterizing a cut surface. They measure deviations of the intended shape with very low and very high spatial frequency. Deviations…

Fig. 15.1 Plot of the spherical equivalent prediction error (D) by the difference in central corneal thickness between the expected (VisuMax read-out lenticule thickness) and the observed change measured by…

Fig. 16.1 Left graphic depicts geometry of lenticule in a pure-sphere SMILE procedure for reference. Right image is a photographic image of an extracted lenticule, preserved in formalin, prior to…