Fig. 4.1 Peaking pupil in a case of occult rupture. The shape of the pupil points toward a scleral (limbal) wound at 6 o’clock The lens is lost and there…

Grade (stage) Characteristics A Vitreous haze, vitreous pigment clumps B Wrinkling of the inner retinal surface, rolled edge of retinal break, retinal stiffness, vessel tortuosity C Full-thickness retinal folds in…

Fig. 6.1 Intraoperative photograph demonstrating the use of the cutter to release the vitreous from the disk neovascularization Fig. 6.2 A 23-gauge intraocular diathermy is used with low energy to…

Fig. 12.1 Open sky fundus visualization. (a) Open sky view of posterior pole. (b) Visualization under the operating microscope is improved with the room lights dimmed and the light pipe…

Fig. 13.1 Peripheral retinal break (arrow) during vitrectomy caused by vitreous traction Absence of preoperative PVD was significantly associated with higher frequency of iatrogenic retina breaks [66]. There is a…

Fig. 2.1 Tractional versus exudative retinal detachment in advanced ROP. (a) RetCam photogram of stage V tractional retinal detachment with open funnel configuration, demonstrating anterior fibrous ring. (b) Exudative retinal…

Fig. 3.1 (a) Fundus photograph of an 18-year-old male with a macula involving combined rhegmatogenous and tractional retinal detachment from toxocariasis. (b) Subretinal band (white arrow) with suspected Toxocara canis…

Fig. 7.1 The figure shows PFCL droplets with typical Ω-shaped profile. The superficial tension of the bubble produces an acute angle between the RPE and retina, which differs from a…