Noninfectious Causes
Fig. 9.1 a, b Peripheral ulcerative keratitis On examination, early PUK manifests as peripheral corneal opacities composed of stromal cellular infiltrates in the perilimbal cornea. Progressive disease is exhibited by breakdown…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Clinical Evaluation
Clinical features Systemic disease Skin and hair Rash/ulcers All vascular syndromes, SLE Sunburn easily SLE, PSS Depigmentation SLE Loss of hair PSS, SLE, GCA Painfully cold fingers PSS Puffy hands…
Practical Guide to Immunomodulatory Agents
• Minimal fetal or maternal risk Hydroxychloroquine Sulfasalazine • Selective use allowed during pregnancy NSAIDs and aspirin Glucocorticoids Azathioprine and 6-MP TNF inhibitors Intravenous immune globulin Cyclosporine Tacrolimus • Contraindicated…
Etiopathogenesis
Fig. 2.1 Both classical and alternate pathways of the complement system are activated resulting in the production of “membrane attack complex” in the terminal pathway. Membrane attack complexes create pores in…
Nasal Anatomy and Evaluation
Fig. 2.1 Middle wall of right orbit. PLC posterior lacrimal crest, ALC anterior lacrimal crest, H hammulus, LMS lacrimo maxillar suture, FES fronto ethmoid suture, FP frontal process, LP lamina…
Clinical Evaluation and Imaging of Lacrimal Drainage Obstruction
Fig. 7.1 Eyelid laxity with medial punctal ectropion and chronic epiphora Punctal stenosis is a common finding, reported in more than 50 % of normal individuals. The prevalence increases with…
Transcanalicular Dacryocystorhinostomy
Fig. 13.1 Development of the dacryoendoscopes. (a) Modified Juenemann probe, 3,000 pixels. (b) Rigid dacryoendoscope (Vitroptic), 6,000 pixels. (c) Flexible Vitroptic T, 6,000 pixels Fig. 13.2 Endoscopic system (from the…
Radiofrequency Dacryocystorhinostomy
Fig. 9.1 The Javate DCR electrodes (from Javate et al. [5]) Radiosurgery in DCR The authors use the Ellman Surgitron Dual RF (3333 Royal Avenue, Oceanside, NY) and all settings…
Tear Pump Function and Dysfunction
Fig. 6.1 Entropion with trichiasis Fig. 6.2 Entropion with trichiasis Ectropion (Fig. 6.3) Fig. 6.3 Ectropion with punctal eversion Fig. 6.4 Lagophthalmos Lagophthalmos (Figs. 6.4) Lid retraction (Figs. 6.5–6.9) Fig….
Anatomy of the Lacrimal System
Fig. 1.1 Bony anatomy of the lacrimal sac fossa and medial orbital wall. The anterior and posterior lacrimal crests are formed by the maxillary and lacrimal bones, respectively The medial…
