Fig. 8.1 Color fundus photography of a 34-year-old female diagnosed with tubercular multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis (TB MSC). The lesion appears confluent and yellowish white and is involving the posterior pole…
Optic nerve involvements Number of eyes (n = 62) Percentage involved (%) Papillitis 32 51.6 Neuroretinitis 9 14.5 Optic nerve tubercle 7 11.3 Compressive optic neuropathy 5 8.1 Retrobulbar neuritis…
Mechanism Clinical manifestation Immune reaction to tubercular antigens Phlyctenulosis Interstitial keratitis Tissue invasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nodular scleritis Conjunctival Tuberculosis M. tuberculosis may affect any structure of the eye or…
Author Year Place Percentage of ocular TB in pulmonary TB patients Bouza et al. [2] 1997 Spain 18 Lara et al. [3] 2013 Philippines 6.8 Beare et al. [4] 2002…
Fig. 4.1 Chest radiograph in pulmonary tuberculosis . (a) Left upper zone consolidation and cavitation. (b) Right upper zone infiltrates and foci of consolidation Diagnostic Approach The traditional bacteriologic diagnostic…
Fig. 11.1 Colour fundus photograph of the right eye (a) shows a subretinal abscess involving the macula. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed MTB. Post-treatment colour fundus photograph (b) of the…
Measurement of induration (mm) Interpretation <5 Negative result ≥5 Positive result in individuals who are: HIV positive End-stage renal failure patients Organ transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients on cytotoxic…
Name of the drug Mechanism of action Isoniazid It is a prodrug bioactivated by katG present in MTB which causes inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis. Most potent bactericidal drug in…
Year of introduction Tube diameter/material Plate size/material Resistance mechanism Molteno 1969 0.63 mm OD 0.30 mm ID Silicone 135 mm2 Polypropylene None Baerveldt 1990 0.63 mm OD 0.30 mm…
Fig. 3.1 Anatomy of the limbus. Top: arrow with dashed line shows the anterior edge of the surgical limbus, the attachment of the conjunctiva to cornea. The solid arrow shows…
