Medication Ophthalmic side effects Management Phenytoin Oculomotor dysfunction (nystagmus, opsoclonus, gaze palsy) Reduce dose Carbamazepine Oculomotor dysfunction Reduce dose Steroids: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and decadron A. Cataracts A. May require…
Interpretation HBsAg Anti HBs HBeAg Anti HBe Anti HBc HBV DNA Stage of HBV infection Acute HBV + − + − IgM + Chronic HBV • Immunotolerant + − +…
Fig. 4.1 Dilated and tortuous retinal veins and arteries characteristic of cyanosis retinae [2] Carpenter, in 1894, described the “everyday experience” of extracardiac malformations in patients with CHD, including ocular…
Subtype Median age at diagnosis [171, 187] Proportion of PPB cases [171, 187] Histopathology [171] Distant metastasis [187, 188] Recurrence [171, 187] Overall survival [171, 176, 187] Type I 8–10…
Visual acuity Decreased, blurred, and/or fluctuating visual activity, monocular or binocular Total or partial blindness/amaurosis, usually monocular Amblyopia, photophobic amblyopia, one or both eyes Looking past objects, jumbling of print,…
Class Medications Mast cell stabilizers Cromolyn sodium 4 % (Crolom, Opticrom) Lodoxamide tromethamine 0.1 % (Alomide) Nedocromil sodium 2 % (Alocril) H1 receptor antagonists Emedastine difumarate 0.05 % (Emadine) Levocabastine…
Fig. 10.1 Cornea in a natural scenario Pathological scenario , that is, presence of anomalous alterations (see Fig. 10.2), in which the tissues that form part of the corneal architecture…
, trefoil RMS , and the Zernike term corresponding to the primary spherical aberration (Z 40). Postoperatively , patients should be examined the third day after surgery and at 1…
Fig. 23.1 Clinical picture of a keratoconic eye after penetrating keratoplasty with a double continuous 10/0 Nylon suture Interrupted sutures, CCIS, and a single continuous suture (SCS) have shown comparable…
Fig. 7.1 Subclinical Keratoconus. Four map composite display (anterior sagittal curvature (upper left), anterior elevation (upper right), corneal thickness (lower left), posterior elevation (lower right)). While the anterior surface is…
