OPHTHALMOLOGY

Orbit

Oct 30, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Orbit

Thyroid eye disease Pathogenesis: organ-specific autoimmune reaction in which a humoral agent (IgG antibody) produces inflammation and swelling of orbital tissue, especially extraocular muscles. It consists of an active inflammatory…

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Episclera and Sclera

Oct 30, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Episclera and Sclera

Episcleritis Simple episcleritis Diagnosis ◾ Presentation : acute onset of redness and mild discomfort. ◾ Signs : hyperaemia may be sectoral (typically interpalpebral; Fig. 9.1A ) or diffuse. Fig. 9.1…

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Corneal and Refractive Surgery

Oct 30, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Corneal and Refractive Surgery

Keratoplasty Introduction ◾ Classification : (a) partial (anterior or posterior lamellar), (b) full-thickness (penetrating). ◾ Indications : (a) optical, (b) tectonic, (c) therapeutic, (d) cosmetic. ◾ Donor tissue : should…

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Lacrimal Drainage System

Oct 30, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Lacrimal Drainage System

Anatomy The lacrimal drainage system consists of: (a) puncta, (b) canaliculi, (c) lacrimal sac, (d) nasolacrimal duct ( Fig. 3.1 ). Fig. 3.1 Anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system. (From…

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Dry Eye

Oct 30, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Dry Eye

Definitions ◾ Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) : eye with some degree of dryness. ◾ Xerophthalmia : dry eye associated with vitamin A deficiency. ◾ Xerosis : extreme dryness with keratinization occurring…

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Eyelids

Oct 30, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Eyelids

Benign Nodules and Cysts Chalazion (meibomian cyst) Definition: very common chronic sterile inflammation of a meibomian gland that may resolve spontaneously. Diagnosis ◾ Signs: (a) gradually enlarging tarsal nodule (…

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Prevalence of the Infantile Strabismus Complex in Premature Children With and Without Periventricular Leukomalacia

Sep 11, 2022 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Prevalence of the Infantile Strabismus Complex in Premature Children With and Without Periventricular Leukomalacia

Purpose To determine whether rates of strabismus and associated visuomotor deficits differed among children with different severities of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Design Retrospective, case-control study. Methods Brain magnetic resonance images…

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