Neovascular Glaucoma
15 NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA Manik Goel, MD and Joel S. Schuman, MD, FACS Neovascular glaucoma (NVG), a form of secondary angle closure glaucoma, is characterized by the development of new vessels…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Sustained Delivery Options Under Study
6 SUSTAINED DELIVERY OPTIONS UNDER STUDY Michael N. Cohen, MD; Chirag P. Shah, MD, MPH; and Jeffrey S. Heier, MD Few therapeutic interventions have been as revolutionary or impactful as…
Agents Under Study
4 AGENTS UNDER STUDY Ehsan Rahimy, MD; Elham Rahimy, BS; and Anthony Joseph, MD The advent of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has undoubtedly revolutionized the field of…
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Background and History
1 VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR BACKGROUND AND HISTORY Anthony Joseph, MD and Ehsan Rahimy, MD Early Research Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was officially discovered in 1983 as vascular permeability…
Available Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents
3 AVAILABLE ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AGENTS Angeline Mariani Derham, MD and David M. Brown, MD, FACS Pegaptanib Pharmacology Pegaptanib sodium (Macugen) is a 50 kDa pegylated modified oligonucleotide aptamer…
Conclusion
Conclusion Several factors can help to differentiate between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy.1,2,3 Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is associated with: Older age. Elevated intraocular pressures. Thinner pachymetry. Visual acuity better than…
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects Overview The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons that are covered by astrocytes and bundled by Muller cell processes.1…
Retinal Arteriole Diameter
Retinal Arteriole Diameter Overview Progressive optic nerve damage (glaucomatous or nonglaucomatous) is associated with focal narrowing of the retinal arterioles and is proportional to the stage of the optic neuropathy.1,2,3…
Parapapillary Chorioretinal Atrophy
Parapapillary Chorioretinal Atrophy Overview Parapapillary atrophy (PPA)1 is more frequently observed in patients with glaucoma than in those with ocular hypertension and normal individuals.2,3 The incidence of PPA has been…
Optic Disc Hemorrhages
Optic Disc Hemorrhages Overview Optic disc hemorrhages have relatively high specificity but relatively low sensitivity for glaucoma.1 These disc hemorrhages can be easily missed in routine clinical examinations,2 have proven…
