11 RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION Shilpa Desai, MD and Caroline R. Baumal, MD Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder following diabetic retinopathy.1 The incidence of…

7 NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION Michael D. Lewen, MD and Andre J. Witkin, MD Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among adults worldwide, and advances…

17 ANTERIOR SEGMENT DISEASES Alessandro Abbouda, MD; Bijan Khaksari, BA; and Pedram Hamrah, MD, FRCS Corneal Neovascularization Corneal avascularity is fundamental in maintaining a clear cornea and to guarantee optimal…

16 GLAUCOMA SURGERY Jessica J. Moon, MD and Cynthia Mattox, MD Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Filtering Surgery Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide.1 The…

9 DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA Emily D. Cole, BS; Eduardo A. Novais, MD; and Nadia K. Waheed, MD, MPH Diabetic retinopathy affects more than 90 million people worldwide and is the…

13 RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY Nikisha A. Kothari, MD and Audina M. Berrocal, MD Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a disease of very low birth-weight premature infants, is characterized by abnormal vascularization…

10 PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Sabin Dang, MD and Chirag P. Shah, MD, MPH Diabetic retinopathy is responsible for a significant amount of visual morbidity worldwide. Chronic insult to the retinal…

2 DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AGENTS Maya H. Maloney, MD and Sophie J. Bakri, MD As vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was identified as a regulator of tumor…

12 UVEITIS Lana M. Rifkin, MD Uveitis is defined as intraocular inflammation with potentially various causes. It is classified as anterior, intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis, based on the location of…

5 INTRAVITREAL DELIVERY Nora Muakkassa, MD; Kendra Klein, MD; and Elias Reichel, MD Intravitreal injection of medication was first described in 1947 with the use of penicillin for late postoperative…