Small Pupil Recognition and Management
4 Small Pupil Recognition and Management Fani Segev, Yokrat Ton, and Ehud I. Assia The prevalence of visual impairment secondary to cataract increases with age and is expected to grow dramatically…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Endophthalmitis in Newborns and Preverbal Children
Fig. 12.1 Fulminant gram-negative neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis. Note periorbital edema (top left), conjunctival chemosis, corneal edema, and exudates in anterior chamber (top right). Ultrasonography shows vitreous echoes, choroidal thickening, and…
Post-cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis
Fig. 7.1 Presumed non-infective endophthalmitis presented with corneal oedema, hypopyon and fibrin with normal ultrasonography and no adnexal inflammation. It needs close observation over the next 6–8 h with topical corticosteroids…
Microbiology of Common Bacteria and Fungi
Fig. 26.1 Staphylococcus aureus. Left—culture smear showing gram-positive cocci in pairs, short chains, and clusters (S. aureus, Gram stain, ×1000); right—blood agar showing heavy growth of opaque, golden yellow colonies…
Management of Endophthalmitis
Fig. 2.1 (a) Top: B-scan in endophthalmitis showing multiple low to medium reflective echoes in the vitreous cavity. Bottom–left: B-scan in endophthalmitis showing membrane-like echoes in the vitreous cavity. Bottom-right:…
Pathology of Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis Acute onset Delayed onset Glaucoma filtration surgery Common microorganisms Coagulase negative Staphylococci Propionibacterium acnes Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase negative Staphylococci Staphylococcus species Gram-negative bacteria Fungi Post-traumatic endophthalmitis—Acute or…
Trend and Challenges of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria and Fungi Causing Endophthalmitis: A Microbiological Perspective on Global Trends
Diffusion Dilution Diffusion and dilution Stokes method MIC method 1. Broth dilution 2. Agar dilution E test method Kirby-Bauer method MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration Selection of the appropriate method will…
Fungal Endophthalmitis
Anterior segment Posterior segment Lid edema Intense conjunctival congestion Dry appearing hypopyon Yellowish white nodular exudates on the iris and lens surface Yellowish white infiltrates at corneo-scleral wound Intense vitritis…
Guidelines for Safe Surgery
Category Criteria Indication IA Strongly recommended for implementation and strongly supported by well-designed experimental, clinical, or epidemiological studies Alcohol hand rub—routine hand antisepsis in all clinical situations if hands are…
