Aqueous humor circulation through the anterior segment of the eye represents one of the many cardiac circulatory loops that also include the various arteriovenous, lymphatic, and cerebrospinal fluid circulations. Each…
FUNCTION OF AQUEOUS HUMOR Aqueous humor was originally thought to be stagnant. It was not until 1921 that Seidel proved that the aqueous was, indeed, circulating. Using a needle, Seidel…
DEFINITIONS The concepts and definitions of glaucoma have evolved in the past 100 years, and still they remain imprecise and subject to technical qualifications. The word glaucoma originally meant ‘clouded’…
This chapter illustrates various conditions that required revision (correction of suboptimal results), all with prior surgery that may have included buried sutures methods and/or incisional methods. The contrast between Asian…
The images presented in this chapter are intended to show a variety of cases solely for educational purposes. Individual outcomes are unique and no degree of certainty can be implied…
This chapter deals with the author’s original finding that the natural tilt of the eyelid’s tarsal segment is at approximately 45° when the eyelids are open. The crease height is…
This summarizing chapter covers the author’s current concept of various anatomical factors that contribute to or adversely affect a crease formation. Familiar drawings will help illustrate the concepts and factors…
It is always desirable to be able to enter and exit the eyelid (through an existing crease) without leaving too much of a footprint. If one can strive to enter,…
Combined Approach of Partial Incision Technique with Medial Tunnel Fixation (Incorporating a Buried Orbicularis–Aponeurosis Suture) An ideal compromise would be to combine an external incision approach across the central 50%…
The treatment of a clinically prominent medial fold of the upper lid often elicits a spontaneous reaction from clinicians that an epicanthoplasty is necessary. This idea has reached an almost…
