The field of retinal prosthetics began about 20 years ago, largely because of advances in microelectronic technology which permitted the development of electronically sophisticated devices that were small enough to…
Clinical background Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is defined as the “growth of membranes on both surfaces of the detached retina and on the posterior surface of the detached vitreous gel.” The…
Clinical background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide and develops after birth in preterm infants, especially those born at less than 1500 g birth weight…
Clinical background Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), which was first reported by Urayama and colleagues, occurs rarely but is a potentially blinding disorder. Most cases of ARN are unilateral, although approximately…
Overview Paraneoplastic retinopathies (PRs) represent visual dysfunctions and retinal degeneration associated with known or suspect malignancies, without direct involvement of the eye. PRs are believed to originate from an autoimmune…
Clinical background Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare intraocular inflammation that presents as a bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis following penetrating trauma or ocular surgery involving one eye. Following trauma to…
Clinical background The term retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is used to describe a group of inherited disorders in which vision loss is caused by degeneration of the rod and cone photoreceptor…
Clinical background Advances in the treatment of diseases involving the ocular anterior segment, particularly the lens and cornea, have greatly decreased the prevalence of visual impairment caused by dysfunction of…
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease associated with a deterioration of central vision. As AMD is the leading cause of blindness in persons aged 75 and older in the…
