Gyrate Atrophy
41.1 Features Gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina is a rare, genetically determined, autosomal recessive, slowly progressive chorioretinal dystrophy characterized by sharply demarcated areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis
Features Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a typically monocular inflammatory condition caused by various subretinal nematodes. DUSN tends to affect younger individuals and is classified into early and late…
Paraneoplastic Retinopathies
38.1 Features Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a photoreceptor degenerative disorder, representing a remote effect of various types of tumors and is associated with presence of various types of antiretinal antibodies in…
Behçet Disease
Common Symptoms Ocular complaints (noted in up to 50% of Behçet patients) are usually bilateral; symptoms include photophobia, eye pain, decreased vision, red eye, and floaters. Systemic manifestations, including oral…
Radiation Retinopathy
23.1 Features While clinical findings of radiation retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy (DR) overlap considerably, a discussion of the initiating insults can provide a better understanding of the disease process. Ionizing radiation…
Pattern Dystrophy
34.1 Features Pattern dystrophies (PDs) include a group of genetically determined retinal disorders, of which, a major subset have been associated with mutations in the PRPH2 gene, also known as peripherin/RDS….
Toxocariasis
53.1 Features Ocular toxocariasis (OT) is a helminthic disease that may cause a large spectrum of ocular complications. It is one of the most common parasitic causes of visual loss in…
Ocular Tuberculosis
56.1 Features Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects one-third of the world’s population. In the United States, the overall case rate of active TB is rare. Foreign-born persons constitute approximately two-thirds of those…
Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
12.1 Features Retinal tears most frequently develop from vitreous traction, often during a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Such tears are typically horseshoe in configuration, with an anterior retinal “flap” that is…
Talc Retinopathy
Features Talc (magnesium silicate) serves as a common vehicle for many intravenous medications used for recreational use such as heroin, codeine, meperidine, pentazocine, methadone, and methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin). Intravenous injection…
