Congenital Anomalies
Congenital Anomalies Tatyana Milman Introduction Congenital anomalies are defects present at birth. The frequency of congenital ocular malformations has been estimated to be up to 6.8 per 10,000 live births.1,2…
Systemically and Topically Administered Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Glaucoma
Systemically and Topically Administered Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Glaucoma Janet B. Serle Milan P. Ranka Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) have been used to treat glaucoma since 1954,…
Pathology of the Uvea
Pathology of the Uvea P. Kumar Rao The uvea is the pigmented vascular middle layer of the eye, lying between the sclera and neuroepithelium. It consists of three parts: the…
Pathology of Glaucoma
Pathology of Glaucoma Christine E. Callahan Joseph W. Sassani The glaucomas are a diverse group of disorders that cause a characteristic optic neuropathy, resulting in loss of neuroretinal rim tissue,…
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics and their Applications in Cataract Surgery
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics and their Applications in Cataract Surgery Adeela Malik PHARMACOLOGY OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS Local anesthetics are used extensively for ophthalmic,1 cutaneous,2,3 and dental4 anesthesia techniques. Modern synthetic…
Pharmacology of Ocular β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists
Pharmacology of Ocular β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists Paul S. Lee MD Daniel A. Chruscicki MD Prior to the introduction of prostaglandin analogues in the treatment of glaucoma, the most commonly used topical…
Antimitotic and Immunosuppressive Chemotherapy
Antimitotic and Immunosuppressive Chemotherapy Brian K. Do Alan H. Friedman Joel S. Mindel Few ophthalmologists are sufficiently familiar with the actions, toxicities, and side effects of antimitotic and immunosuppressive agents…
The Pharmacology of Prostaglandin Analogues
The Pharmacology of Prostaglandin Analogues Deepta Ghate MD Carl B. Camras MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE Supported in part by an…
Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids Joel S. Mindel Hydrocortisone (cortisol) is the major naturally occurring glucocorticoid in humans. The blood level of hydrocortisone is determined by the rate of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion,…
