Ento Key

Contents 328 Introduction 328 History 331 Examination Visual acuity (VA) Color vision Visual fields to confrontation Fixation, alignment and eye movements Pupils Eyelids Orbits Cranial nerves Temporal arteries Slit-lamp examination…

Contents 108 Introduction 108 Examination checklist 110 Management flowchart 114 Disc pseudo-swelling 119 True disc swelling Suggested investigations for swollen disc/s with normal vision Eye disease Optic nerve disease Blood…

Contents 294 Introduction 294 Examination checklist 297 Management flowchart 298 Aponeurotic ptosis 299 Ptosis due to levator myopathy 300 Ptosis due to myasthenia gravis 301 Ptosis due to partial third…

Contents 276 Introduction 277 Examination checklist 279 Management flowchart 280 Approach to anisocoria 280 Anisocoria with normally reactive pupils Physiologic anisocoria Horner syndrome Intermittent unilateral pupillary mydriasis (sympathetic form) 287…

Contents 306 Introduction 307 Examination checklist 308 Facial weakness Facial nerve palsy 312 Involuntary facial movements Orbicularis oculi myokymia Blepharospasm Hemifacial spasm Aberrant regeneration of the facial nerve Introduction Facial…

Contents 242 Introduction 243 Examination checklist 245 Visual illusions Metamorphopsia Diplopia or polyopia Palinopsia Akinetopsia 249 Visual hallucinations Simple visual hallucinations Complex visual hallucinations Introduction Patients may “see things” because…

Contents 318 Introduction 318 Examination checklist 319 Ophthalmic causes of headache or facial pain Headache due to angle-closure glaucoma Headache due to herpes zoster ophthalmicus Headache due to refractive error…

Contents 266 Introduction 266 Examination checklist 267 Misaligned eyes without diplopia Poor vision or childhood-onset strabismus 268 Abnormal voluntary eye movements without diplopia Normal age-related loss of upgaze Gaze palsy…

Contents 254 Introduction 255 Examination checklist 256 Oscillopsia Acquired nystagmus Saccadic intrusions Superior oblique myokymia Abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex Treatment of oscillopsia 261 Akinetopsia 262 Visual allesthesia Introduction Patients may notice…

Contents 152 Introduction 153 Examination checklist 155 Management flowchart 159 Monocular transient visual loss Binocular visual loss mistakenly attributed to one eye Eye disease Optic nerve disease Vascular disease 164…