Hemoglobinopathies
Definition A spectrum of ocular abnormalities, including peripheral “seafan” retinal neovascularization, which results from an inherited defect in the synthesis of the hemoglobin molecule. Key Features • Macular ischemia. •…
Progressive and “Stationary” Inherited Retinal Degenerations
Definition of Progressive Inherited Retinal Degenerations Retinitis pigmentosa and the related rod-cone and cone-rod dystrophies constitute a broad set of disorders that generally result in progressive visual dysfunction secondary to…
Light and Laser Injury
Definition Structural damage to the retina produced by a light source. Key Features • Mechanism of damage is often photochemical. • Thermal enhancement of retinal damage is possible. • Sources…
Indications for Lens Surgery/Indications for Application of Different Lens Surgery Techniques
Definition Surgery to the crystalline lens of the eye. Key Features • Lens surgery is the most common eye operation. • Technical indications for lens surgery are divided into two…
Refractive Aspects of Cataract Surgery
Definition Modern cataract surgery not only promises prevention of induced refractive errors by the surgical process but also the opportunity to enhance the eye’s refractive status. Key Features • Importance…
Retinal and Choroidal Circulation
Definition Retinal and choroidal blood vessels are responsible for nutrition of the posterior segment. It is essential to understand the choroidal and retinal circulatory systems to better recognize and treat…
Retinopathy of Prematurity
Definition A proliferative retinopathy of premature infants. Key Features Avascular Retina • Stage 1: demarcation line between normal and avascular retina. • Stage 2: elevated ridge between normal and avascular…
Noninfectious Keratitis
Definition Corneal inflammation with no known infectious etiology. Key Feature • Diverse group of diseases with corneal inflammation as the common feature. Associated Feature • Systemic inflammatory disease. Introduction In…
Vitreous Anatomy and Pathology
Definition Vitreous is an extended extracellular matrix situated between the lens and the retina, approximately 4 mL in volume and 16.5 mm in emmetropic axial length. Key Features • Optically clear. •…
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Definition Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is an imaging modality that uses variation (or decorrelation) in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal to detect motion in biological tissues. Key Features…
