Prognostic Categories of Salivary Tumors The histologic classification of salivary tumors is difficult in a significant proportion of tumors. The main reasons are that they are rare compared with tumors…
Introduction Open biopsies are contraindicated because of the risk of tumor cell seeding, which increases the risk of recurrence of both malignant neoplasms and pleomorphic adenomas. Facial nerve injury, wound…
Orbital disorders usually manifest with a unifying constellation of symptoms and signs that include proptosis, periocular swelling, blurred vision, and double vision. The presence of proptosis distinguishes diseases of the…
This chapter covers the diagnosis and management of the causes of double vision and ocular misalignment. Although the bulk of the discussion concentrates on third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies,…
This chapter covers eye movement disorders that are characterized by intact alignment, but in which the eyes either have restricted motility, move too slowly, or are misdirected. In neuro-ophthalmic terminology,…
Chiasmal disorders are important in the differential diagnosis of anterior visual pathway dysfunction, particularly when the visual loss is gradually progressive. Involvement of the chiasm is suggested by (1) any…
Nystagmus is a rhythmic biphasic oscillation of the eyes, and the slow phase eye drift initiates the movement. Nystagmus should also be distinguished from other ocular oscillations or nystagmoid eye…
Functional (nonorganic) visual loss is frequently encountered in ophthalmic and neurologic practice, occurring in 0.5–5% of patients presenting with vision loss. Patients with functional visual loss may be misdiagnosed because…
While the anterior visual and geniculocalcarine pathways deliver the elemental visual data from the eyes to striate cortex, the higher cortical visual (or association) areas perform the more complex interpretation…
Headache is a nearly universal experience, as over 90% of individuals have noted at least one headache during their lifetime. Since sensory information from the eye and orbit travels through…
