Physiology of the Facial Nerve
10.1055/b-0034-92448 Physiology of the Facial NerveFelipe Santos and William H. Slattery III The facial nerve is the motor nerve of the face, scalp, auricle, and neck via the platysma. Mastication…
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Facial Paralysis
10.1055/b-0034-92453 Differential Diagnosis of Acute Facial ParalysisMaurizio Barbara Facial paralysis (FP) consists of weakness of the face musculature. The timing of this weakness usually is immediate, taking place within a…
Measurement of Facial Nerve Function
10.1055/b-0034-92451 Measurement of Facial Nerve FunctionJohn W. House and Mark Brandt Lorenz The House-Brackmann (HB) facial nerve grading scale was adopted as the official metric of the International Facial Nerve…
Medical Treatment of Bell Palsy
10.1055/b-0034-92456 Medical Treatment of Bell PalsyJeffrey T. Vrabec Understanding the pathogenesis of a disease is fundamental in designing therapy. Preceding chapters have presented the differential diagnosis of acute facial paralysis…
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Diagnostic Strategies
10.1055/b-0034-91568 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Diagnostic Strategies Clinical Features Compared with other malignancies in the head and neck region, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) affects a relatively younger age group of patients1 and this…
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Salvage of Residual or Recurrent Tumor
10.1055/b-0034-91570 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Salvage of Residual or Recurrent Tumor Incidence and Diagnosis As nasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiosensitive and it has a high incidence of metastases to the cervical lymph nodes,…
Anatomy and Pathologies
10.1055/b-0034-91566 Anatomy and Pathologies Anatomy The pharynx, an incomplete muscular tubular structure, is divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx depending on its relationship with the oral cavity. Anatomically, the nasopharynx…
Surgery : Part III
10.1055/b-0034-91563 Surgery : Part III Key Points Intradural frontal lobe manipulation and external facial incisions are avoided by this approach. The frontonasal osteotomies can be varied according to the site,…
Surgery : Part II
10.1055/b-0034-91562 Surgery : Part II External Surgery The late presentation, extensive nature and aggressive biology of a wide variety of sinonasal tumors necessitates surgery in the management of the majority…
Conditions Simulating Neoplasia and Granulomatous Disorders : Part II
10.1055/b-0034-91560 Conditions Simulating Neoplasia and Granulomatous Disorders : Part II Sinonasal Tuberculosis Definition and Etiology Infection of the nose and sinuses by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Incidence Apart from lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis…
