Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Understanding the anatomy of the rectus and oblique muscles and their relationships to adjacent structures are essential to approaching strabismus surgery for successful outcomes, particularly in…
Sylvia H. Yoo Summary The presence of strabismus precludes normal visual development in infancy and early childhood, resulting in poor fusion and, in many cases, amblyopia. Quality of life can…
Epiphora in the pediatric population often originates from a disorder of the lacrimal drainage system. In most cases, the cause is congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO), which often presents during…
Introduction Endoscopic surgery of the cranial base is frequently utilized for pathologies such as pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, chordoma, and chondrosarcoma. Such operations involve working in close proximity to critical neurovascular…
The development of transnasal endoscopic approaches to skull base pathology significantly decreased the surgical disruption and collateral damage relative to their open predecessors, such as the craniofacial and subcranial approaches….
Transcranial approaches to the optic apparatus include both traditional approaches, such as frontotemporal (pterional) and bifrontal craniotomies, as well as more recent minimally invasive keyhole approaches, including the supraorbital eyebrow…
With continued advancements in endoscopic approaches for skull base surgery, understanding the risks and potential complications of these techniques is critical in planning surgical access and counseling patients. Extensive transclival…
Advances in endoscopic surgical techniques and instrumentation have led to an expansion in the size and diversity of skull base lesions that are amenable to endoscopic resection. However, one of…
The optic apparatus includes the optic nerves, chiasm, and optic tracts. Lesions affecting this region vary widely with respect to histologic type, site, extent, and clinicopathologic behavior. Treatment of these…
The optic nerve and chiasm can be involved with pathology affecting the orbit, orbital apex, and skull base. When surgically addressing these structures, it is critical to maintain not only…
