Ento Key

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multisystem neurodegenerative and immunodeficiency disorder characterized by cerebellar dysfunction, telangiectasias, immune dysfunction of both B- and T-lymphocytes, radiosensitivity, and lymphoproliferative cancer. – Neurodegeneration/cerebellar…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Decreased best-corrected visual acuity not solely attributable to organic pathology affecting one or both eyes: – Reduction in vision occurs during the first decade of life and…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Acquired multifocal inflammatory disorder affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid • Frequently bilateral yellowish–white plaques, often in various stages of resolution EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Unknown but…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Corneal anterior basement membrane dystrophy (ABMD) is the most common corneal dystrophy. It is also known as map-dot-fingerprint, mare’s tail, and Cogan’s microcystic dystrophy ALERT Corneal ABMD is…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Difference in refractive correction between the two eyes. More amblyogenic if difference is – >1.50 diopters (D) hyperopic spherical equivalent – +1.00 D cylinder – >–6.00 D…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Alport syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by glomerulonephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular changes. • Patients often progress to end-stage renal failure and high-tone deafness by…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of hereditary diseases marked by absent or decreased melanin biosynthesis within melanocytes, or abnormalities of melanosome formation or…

Sunir Garg BASICS DESCRIPTION Age-related (senile) retinoschisis (SR) is an acquired condition characterized by splitting of the retina into 2 separate layers. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Not clearly defined. Prevalence • Ranges…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • The abducens (VI) nerve (CN VI) innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR) muscle, abducting the eye. CN VI palsy is the most common isolated cranial nerve palsy….

Joseph W. Schmitz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Idiopathic, postganglionic parasympathetic denervation of the iris sphincter, followed by aberrant reinnervation, which results in segmental and sluggish pupillary reaction to light, pupillary light-near…