Wool Spots
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Localized area of superficial retinal whitening • Generally smaller than 1/2 disc area • Primary importance is as a marker of underlying disease, usually systemic. EPIDEMIOLOGY Unknown….
Pit of the Optic Disc
BASICS DESCRIPTION A rare, usually unilateral, congenital excavation of the optic nerve head that can be associated with a serous macular detachment. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence • Approximately 1 in 10,000 eyes…
Insufficiency
BASICS DESCRIPTION The inability to converge the eyes smoothly and effectively from distance to near and/or the inability of maintain the convergent near point. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence Reports vary from 1–25%…
Retinae (Berlin’s Edema)
BASICS DESCRIPTION Contusive injury resulting in confluent areas of opacified, whitened retina. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Blunt ocular trauma annually affects approximately 4.9 per 1,000 individuals. Prevalence • Sports-related injury tends to…
Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (CHRPE)
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Congenital hamartias/hamartomas: Placoid melanocytic lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium, solitary, grouped, or multiple in one or both eyes, the latter maybe associated with familial adenomatous polyposis…
Significant Diabetic Macular Edema (CSME)
BASICS DESCRIPTION • The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (EDTRS) defined CSME as one of the 3 following criteria: – 1) Any retinal thickening within 500 microns of the center…
