Ento Key

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Congenital hamartias/hamartomas: Placoid melanocytic lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium, solitary, grouped, or multiple in one or both eyes, the latter maybe associated with familial adenomatous polyposis…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Choroidal ruptures are breaks in the choroid, the Bruch membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and are the result of blunt ocular trauma. Pediatric Considerations Traumatic choroidal…

Anne JensenGil Binenbaum BASICS DESCRIPTION • Child abuse and neglect as defined by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) is any act or failure to act on the…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (EDTRS) defined CSME as one of the 3 following criteria: – 1) Any retinal thickening within 500 microns of the center…

Alan R. Forman BASICS DESCRIPTION • Arcus senilis is a yellowish-white ring of extracellular lipid deposition in the peripheral cornea separated from the limbus by a narrow (<1 mm) clear…

Gaurav K. Shah BASICS DESCRIPTION • An obstruction of blood flow through the central retinal vein. It commonly presents with a variable level of decreased or blurred vision. – Can…

Gitanjali B. Baveja BASICS DESCRIPTION • Local epithelial defect with degradation or inflammation of underlying tissue • Synonyms: Corneal infiltrate, infectious or noninfectious keratitis EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Bacterial keratitis • 30,000…

Ann P. MurchisonJurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is a potentially life-threatening condition. • The etiology of CST can either be septic, aseptic, or vascular. •…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Involuntary closure of both eyelids (blepharospasm) or muscles innervated by facial nerve unilaterally (hemifacial spasm): – Blepharospasm: – Essential (without associated disease) – Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia or Meige…

Ann P. MurchisonJurij R. Bilyk BASICS DESCRIPTION A carotid/cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) is an abnormal communication between an artery and the venous plexus within the cavernous sinus (CS). This can…