Photoablation: Techniques and Outcomes
Figure 5-1 Schematic representations of corneal recontouring by the excimer laser. A, Correction of myopia by flattening the central cornea. B, Correction of hyperopia by steepening the central corneal optical…
Accommodative and Nonaccommodative Treatment of Presbyopia
Figure 9-1 Schematic representation of the Helmholtz theory of accommodation, in which contraction of the ciliary muscle during accommodation (bottom) leads to relaxation of the zonular fibers. The reduced zonular…
Patient Evaluation
Because accurate testing results are crucial to the success of refractive surgery, the refractive surgeon must closely supervise office staff members who are performing the various tests (eg, corneal topography…
Collagen Shrinkage and Crosslinking Procedures
Figure 7-1 Schematic representation of an eye undergoing conductive keratoplasty, which delivers radiofrequency energy to the cornea through a handheld probe inserted into the peripheral cornea. (Courtesy of Refractec, Inc.)…
Congenital Malformations of the Neck
Fig. 8.1 A frontal schematic representation of a 5-mm human embryo at the fifth week of gestation. Sagital sections taken through the branchial apparatus demonstrate the anatomic relationship of external…
Congenital Malformations of the Ear
Fig. 2.1 Schematic demonstrating the hillocks of His that develops into the mature auricle (reprinted with permission from Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 5th ed….
Congenital Malformations of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
Fig. 4.1 Photograph of lipofibroma located in the midline posteriorly on the surface of the tongue 2. Choristoma is a benign, well-organized heterotopic growth of tissue that forms in…
Cleft Lip and Palate Malformations
Fig. 5.1 Embryologic development of the lip (from Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1993. Copyright Elsevier 1993) Fig. 5.2 Embryologic…
Congenital Malformations of the Larynx
Fig. 6.1 Embryology of the larynx The primitive larynx is first evident at 32 days of gestation when the mesenchymal arytenoid swellings derived from the sixth branchial arch form on…
Congenital Malformations of the Nose and Nasopharynx
Fig. 3.1 Embryology of the development of the nose The deepening of the nasal pits leads to the formation of the primordial nasal sacs, which grow dorsally. The oronasal membrane,…
